Gaurav Singh et al.

serum cholesterol which is responsible for heart attack. Its preparations are administrated as a cure against some long and linguine stomach disease and sore eyes and cough. Its juice is also used as a medicine in some skin diseases.The garlic is carminative, gastric stimulant, aids in digestion and absorption of food. It is also given in "atulence. The inhalation of garlic oil or garlic juice has generally been recommended in case of pulmonary tuber- culosis, rheumatism, sterility, impotency, cough and red eyes. The garlic bulb contains cysteine compounds which undergo a rapid enzymatic and non-enzymatic conver- sion, respectively. Most of the available cultivars of garlic are white coloured, but sometimes pink or red types are also found. Anthocynin pattern of garlic and onion were very similar and the major pigment in each was cyanidin- 3-glucoside. Therefore, accurate relative comparison can be made with the help of phenotypic and genotypic coef- !cient of variation. Phenotypic variation was partitioned into genotypic and environmental component.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The experiment !eld had sandy loam, slightly alka- line (pH 8.0) soil, low in organic carbon and nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and potassium. The mechanical composition of soil constituted 64.4 per cent sand, 27.8 per cent silt and 11.3 per cent clay. Experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. Data were recorded on characters viz., plant height (cm),

number of leaves per plant, length of leaf (cm), width of leaf (cm), neck thickness of bulb (cm), diameter of bulb (cm), bulb Yield per plant (g), number of cloves per bulb, weight of clove (g), length of clove (cm.), diameter of clove (cm), and T.S.S (%). Five plants were randomly selected in each plot for recording the observations. These plants were tagged from 1 to 5. The average value of !ve plants for each character was used for statistical analysis. The analysis of variance for Randomized Block Design was carried out following: Panse and Sukhatme (1967). The coef!cients of variation for different charac- ters were calculated as suggested by Burton and de Vane (1953). Heritability in broad sense (h2bs) was calculated by the following formula suggested by Hanson et al. (1956).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The analysis of variance for different characters is pre- sented in table1. The mean squares due to genotypes were highly signi!cant for all the characters. In other words, the performance of the genotypes with respect of these characters were statistically different; suggesting that, there exists ample scope for selection in different traits for garlic improvement.

The higher magnitude (Table 2) of coef!cient of vari- ation at phenotypic as well as genotypic levels observed for diameter of bulb, length of clove, bulb yield per plant and number of cloves per bulb, suggesting additive gene action. Similar results were reported by Lopez-Frasca

et al. (1997) and Korala et al. (1981), Mehta and Patel (1985), Agrawal and Tiwari (2004) and Khar et al. (2005).

Moderate coef!cient of variation at phenotypic as well as genotypic level observed in case of plant height, length of leaf and neck thickness. Similar result where reported by Mohanty (2001) in onion. While lowest GCV and PCV was observed for number of leaves per plant. Similar result where reported by Agrawal and Tiwari (2004). Moderate to low variation exerted for these traits revealed that there is a reasonable scope for improve- ment in these traits.

Heritability in broad sense of a character is impor- tant to the breeder since it indicates the possibility and extent to which improvement is possible through selec- tion. It also indicates direction of selection pressure to be applied for the traits during selection because it measures relationship between parent and their prog- eny, widely used in determining the degree to which a character may be transmitted from parent to offspring. However, high heritability alone is not enough to make ef!cient selection in advanced generation unless accom-

panied by substantial amount of genetic advance (Bur- ton and De-Vane, 1953).

The genetic advance is commonly predicted as a product of heritability ratio and selection differentials. High heritability value is accompanied by high genetic advance. The progress realized by selection would be most appropriate.

In the present investigation, high heritability cou- pled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for diameter of bulb and bulb yield per plant. This indicates that these traits were less in"uenced by environment. Similar results have been reported by Singh and Chand (2004). Singh (1981) Kohali (2001), Mehta and Patel (1985), Doruchowaski (1986) and Khar et al. (2005). Whereas high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance observed for total soluble solids and moderate heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance is observed for length of leaf, weight of clove and length of clove. While number of leaves per plant showed lowest heritability, as also reported by Agrwal and Tiwari (2004).

Gaurav Singh et al.

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